3-4-proverka-urovnejj-zhidkostejj-kontrol-utechek.html
3.4. Check of levels of liquids, control of leaks
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Irrespective of check intervals according to the schedule do not assume that liquids followed under the car, such leaks indicate malfunction which should be eliminated immediately. |
Liquids are the integral component of lubrication systems, coolings, washing of glasses and the brake system. In view of a gradual consumption and pollution of liquids in the course of normal operation of the car, they should be replaced periodically. Add only the liquids conforming to requirements of Specifications in the Section of Control and routine maintenance of the car.
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At any check of level of liquid the car has to stand on a plain horizontal surface. |
Motive oil
The consumption of motive oil should not exceed 1 l on 1000 km of a run. Higher consumption of oil is a sign of wear of maslootrazhatelny caps and/or piston rings or epiploons of shaft of the engine.
Visual control of leaks
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- At the greasy engine and a big consumption of oil check the following places for existence of leaks:
- Laying of the pallet of a case of the engine;
- Consolidation of a drain stopper of motive oil;
- Consolidation of D/V of pressure of motive oil;
- Laying of a cover of the case of an oil filter;
- Laying between the block and a head of cylinders;
- Laying of a cover of a head of cylinders;
- Consolidation of a cover of a maslozalivny mouth;
- Epiploons cranked and camshafts.
As in the presence of leak oil spreads on the big surface of the engine, at once it is complex to define its place. For detection of leaks act as follows:
- Clear the engine for what close the generator and the block of safety locks a plastic bag, spray the engine a usual cold cleaner and through short time wash up water.
- Strew the interfaced surfaces and consolidations on the engine outside with lime or talc.
- Check the level of motive oil and if necessary modify it.
- With the purpose to warm oil make a trial trip on the car, – viscosity of the warmed oil will go down, and it will quicker act in places of leaks.
- In conclusion investigate the engine, lighting it with a lamp, localize places of leaks and eliminate them.
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Check and adjustment of level
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- Check of level of motive oil is made by means of the measuring probe (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine) installed in the directing tube.
- Measurement of level of motive oil should be performed on the cold engine or not earlier than in 10 min. after its switching off.
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If to start measurement right after switching off of the engine, a part of oil will remain in its top part and results of measurement will be wrong. |
- Take the probe from a guide and dry wipe its edge with pure rags or a paper towel. Enter the probe up to the end back into a guide and again take it.
- Height of the site of the probe moistened with oil will correspond to oil level in the engine. This level has to be between the marks "MIN" and "MAX" in the probe, otherwise it is necessary to modify oil level. At an exit for the mark "MAX" oil should be pumped out since otherwise epiploons of the engine and the catalytic converter can be damaged.
- To add oil, uncover a jellied mouth (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine). After a dolivaniye of oil wait several minutes that its level was stabilized, then pull out the probe and again check level. If necessary carry out adjustment once again. If on a cover of a jellied mouth pollution are found, wash out it gasoline. In conclusion densely close a cover of a maslozalivny mouth.
- Check of level of oil is the important preventive procedure? Which should be made as often as possible, and also it is obligatory before each long trip. Besides, it is necessary to pay attention and to a condition of oil: if it has dairy color or in its structure it is possible to notice water drops, violation of tightness of laying of a head of cylinders or existence of a crack in a head or the block of cylinders is possible owing to what cooling liquid gets to oil. In this case the engine should be repaired immediately. Run every time at measurement of level of oil before rubbing of an edge of the probe over it big and index hand fingers. If at the same time the particles of dirt or metal particles which stuck to the probe are found, oil should be replaced (see the Section Replacement of Motive Oil and Oil Filter).
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Cooling liquid - check and adjustment of level and a state
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Do not allow hit of antifreeze on skin or on the painted surfaces of the car. If all this occurred, immediately wash away antifreeze a plentiful amount of water. Antifreeze is extremely toxic therefore do not leave it unguarded in open capacity or spilled on a floor: children or animals its sweet smell can attract and they can drink it. |
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Do not uncover a jellied mouth of a broad tank or a radiator cover before full cooling of the engine! |
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- The considered cars are equipped with the cooling system of compensation type with excessive pressure. Location of a broad tank depends on concrete model of the car (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine). In process of an engine warming up in the course of its work the extending cooling liquid (CL) fills a tank. When cooling the OZh engine automatically comes back to the cooling system that provides maintenance of the OZh constant level.
- Check of the OZh level should be made regularly, at least, an every month, and also before each long trip.
- The OZh level in a broad tank fluctuates depending on engine temperature: at the cold engine (temperature near the 20th hail.) it has to be at the level of the mark "KALT/COLD" (or a little above it) on a transparent wall of a tank, and in process of heating of the engine the OZh level has to increase, but not to go beyond a tag of "MAX". If it not so, let's the engine cool down, then uncover a broad tank and modify the OZh level.
- Apply the mix which is surely specified in Specifications in the Section of Control to filling of the cooling system and routine maintenance of the car.
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If there is a need of filling of the cooling system for a way, then it is possible to apply clear water, but not antifreeze of other type in the summer. Antifreeze of the required type can be added later, however as soon as possible. |
- If the OZh level quickly goes down, visually check the cooling system for leaks – they usually are found on white or colors of a rust to a raid in the area surrounding leak.
- Check a condition of hoses and reliability of their fastening on branch pipes, replace the damaged hoses and collars (see also Section Check of a State and Replacement of Hoses and tubes in a motive compartment, localization of leaks). It is easier to find cracks if to press a hose;
- Check consolidation of a cover of a broad tank.
- Check the cooling system pressure. For this purpose install the device for forcing of pressure upon a mouth of a broad tank. With an initial pressure of 1 atm of its loss should not exceed 0.1 atm in 2 minutes. Otherwise check tightness of the cooling system.
- If leaks are not revealed, make check of tightness of a cover of a radiator. For this purpose at first pull for the vacuum valve of a cover and release it – it has to return to a starting position. Make sure of lack of pollution and damages of a saddle of the valve. Then grease consolidation of a cover of a radiator with cooling liquid and connect the device for forcing of pressure to a cover. The valve has to open with a pressure about 2 atm. Otherwise replace a radiator cover.
- It is also necessary to check a condition of OZh, – it has to be rather pure. If liquid has brown or rusty color, it it is necessary to lower, wash out the cooling system and to fill it with new mix (see the Section Replacement of Cooling Liquid). Even if OZh looks normally, the corrosion inhibitors which are its part lose over time the efficiency therefore OZh should be replaced periodically.
- For check of frost resistance of OZh use the areometer.
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Brake fluid
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Brake fluid at hit in eyes and on the painted surfaces of the car can damage them. Do not use brake fluid which long time stood open, or which there are more than one year. Brake fluid has property to absorb moisture from air that can worsen its properties and lead to dangerous loss of efficiency of the brake system. |
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Brake fluid is used also for the coupling drive. |
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- The tank of brake fluid is in the left part of a motive compartment, about its partition, and is divided into two parts, – everyone for the brake contour (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine). Transparent walls of the tank allow to watch the level of brake fluid outside. For the warning of the low level of brake fluid is available corresponding To/L in a combination of devices which inclusion is duplicated by the corresponding message (see the Head Governing bodies and methods of operation). Nevertheless, it is recommended to check liquid level regularly.
- Liquid level at the closed cover has to be between the marks "MIN" and "MAX" in tank walls. You watch that level did not fall below the mark "MIN".
- If level is lower admissible, at first wipe top of the tank and a cover with pure rags to prevent hit of dirt in the brake system after removal of a cover. Add liquid to the necessary level, but do not pour.
- Until the tank is uncovered, check brake fluid and the tank for existence of pollution. In the presence of particles of a rust, dirt or drops of water, liquid should be replaced. After bringing level of brake fluid to the necessary value make sure that the cover is established exactly, in order to avoid leak of liquid and/or hit of dirt.
- Liquid level in the main brake cylinder (MBC) will fall slightly as a result of wear of frictional overlays of brake shoes. There is no need to add it until level remains near a tag of "MIN", – it will rise after replacement of slips. Very low level can indicate wear of brake shoes, – check them (see the Section Check of the Brake System and Coupling).
- If the level of brake fluid constantly falls, immediately check all brake system for existence of leaks. As a rule, worn-out caps in wheel cylinders are the reason. Survey brake lines, hoses and nipple connections together with supports, wheel cylinders and GTTs (see the Section Check of the Brake System and Coupling). Brake fluid is also used in the coupling drive therefore it is necessary to check its lines and the executive cylinder for existence of damages and the weakened connections.
- If when checking level of liquid the tank is empty or almost empty, the brake system needs to be checked for existence of leaks and to pump over (see the Sections Check of the Brake System and Coupling and Replacement of Brake Fluid and Pumping of the Brake System).
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GUR liquid
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At the corresponding complete set GUR liquid is used also in a hydraulic suspension bracket. |
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- An inspection of level of GUR liquid can be carried out or when it is heated-up (80 °C) or when it has air temperature.
- For check tags of "MIN" and "MAX" are applied on the probe which is built in a GUR liquid tank cover (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine).
- Kill the engine and uncover the GUR liquid tank.
- Wipe the probe with pure rags.
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Do not allow GUR liquid pollution. |
- Install a cover on the tank (without twisting), remove it and make sure that the level of liquid is between the corresponding tags. Otherwise add the GUR fresh liquid. Close a cover.
- Start the engine, and several times turn a steering wheel from an emphasis against the stop to remove air from the hydraulic booster.
- Switch off the engine. Level of GUR liquid has to rise approximately by 5 mm over a tag of "MAX".
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Liquid for washing of glasses and lenses of headlights
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- Liquid for washing of a windshield and headlights should be added to the corresponding tank through a jellied mouth (see illustrations Components of a motive compartment of models with the M52 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M51 engine, Components of a motive compartment of models with the M62 engine).
- In areas with a temperate climate for washing of glasses it is possible to use usual water, but it is recommended to add to it means for washing of glasses. The tank should be filled no more than on two thirds that there was a free space on a case of expansion of water when freezing. In areas with cold climatic conditions it is necessary to use the special antifreeze for washing of a windshield reducing a liquid freezing point. Usually it is on sale in the concentrated or ready look.
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Use of antifreeze for the cooling system as additive for increase in frost resistance of the washing liquid is not allowed. Mix the concentrated antifreeze with water according to the instruction of the producer given on packing. |
- For removal of strong pollution in the corresponding tank it is necessary to fill strong detergent.
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